Journal of African History, Culture and Arts
Journal of African History, Culture and Arts (JAHCA) is an interdisciplinary and quality peer-reviewed open-access journal. All papers submitted to JAHCA are double-blinded peer-reviewed by experts in the field of Culture, History, Anthropology, and Arts. JAHCA only accepts and publishes original articles which are not under consideration or review in any journal. No Publication Fees or Article Processing Charges (APCs) for manuscript submission, processing, and publication. ISSN: 2789-8903 (Print) | 2790-1106 (Online)
Cultural transmission and textile technology in SouthEastern Nigeria: A batik textile exploration
Igbo culture possesses messages encapsulated in its cultural symbols and motifs. Effectively engaging younger generations through evidence-based research is crucial for harnessing the full potential of these messages in national development. Through textile design technology, particularly in the realm of batik, one explores the rich cultural symbols and motifs to characterise Igbo apparel. This approach not only fosters cultural transmission but also ensures that these traditions are preserved and passed down, creating a meaningful connection between the past and present. Exploration of the possibility of preserving and transmitting the cultural significance of Ugwumagala and Ego kiri kiri using batik textiles constitutes the purpose of this study. Practice-led studio research approach that allows researchers to incorporate their creative practice was used. Results showed that Ugwumagala, which means chameleon, symbolises lots of virtues expected of leaders, such as caution, ease of adaptation to any situation among the Igbo people, who are almost the widely travelled ethnic groups in Nigeria and found in different parts of the world. This animal, being unpredictable and changeable, symbolises flexibility, as one could hide one's true colours to blend with the prevailing environment for safety, to socialise with every person in society. Also, Ego Kiri Kiri motifs are derived from indigenous traditional Igbo currency—Okpogho (Manila) and cowries collectively called Ego Kiri Kiri used in Igboland in the olden days. It symbolised wealth, and its excavation portends good fortune/omen in the future. Conclusively, this study has shown the potential of textile technology, while further research is recommended.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chinwe Anyanwu, Kolawole Kazeem Olojo-Kosoko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Using media for community empowerment: A political economy perspective on collaborative media practices in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
The paper explored the dynamics of using media for community empowerment from a political economy perspective while focusing on collaborative media practices in the contemporary digital world. The media is not only a platform for communication but serves as a viable tool for community empowerment and socio-political transformation hence the need to examine the interplay between media structures, ownership, and access, alongside the participatory process that enabled Owerri community to harness media for empowerment. The political economy and media studies frameworks foregrounded the study to inquire into media ownership, control, and regulatory environments as obtainable in Owerri municipality in engaging in self-representation and advocacy. The study depended on in-depth interviews and a survey with community media practitioners, participants and stakeholders to unfurl the ways in which collaborative media practices can engineer community empowerment, promote social justice, and contribute to democratic governance. Owerri community which serves as a case study, proves as a successful model collaborating with residents, local radio stations, and social media platforms to navigate the constraints of media systems, voicing their concerns, mobilize for social change, and influencing policy-making processes. The findings revealed how collaborative media practices can create alternative spaces for civic engagement, amplify marginalized voices, and challenge dominant ideologies, thereby supporting the potential of media as a transformative tool for community empowerment and social change.
Copyright (c) 2025 Joyce Austen Onyekuru https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Ubuntu as an emic belief system: A quantitative analysis of humane orientated practices
Ubuntu is often described as African humanness, uniquely rooted in Southern African cultures and distinct from practices like performance orientation, which is typically associated with Anglo-Saxon cultures. Aim: This research aims to determine whether humane orientation, as measured in the GLOBE study, is more prevalent in indigenous African societies compared to other regions globally. Method: Data from the GLOBE study was analysed to assess the extent to which humane orientation is emic to Africa, Southern Africa, and specifically, the indigenous people of South Africa. Mean scores for humane orientation were used for comparative analyses across regions, countries and within South Africa. Results: More African countries scored higher than the world mean on humane orientation. Among the 10 regional clusters identified in the GLOBE study, Sub-Saharan Africa recorded the second-highest humane orientation score. However, significant differences in humane orientation were found across Africa, indicating it is not uniformly endorsed. Within South Africa, black South Africans, more than white South Africans, perceived their society's practices as humane oriented. Discussion: The findings confirm a strong link between humane orientation and Africa, particularly when compared to the Anglo-Saxon cluster. Nonetheless, humane orientation is not exclusive to Africa and is observed in other parts of the world. Additionally, Africa itself is marked by diverse worldviews, with variations in the endorsement of humane orientation. Contribution: This research contributes empirical and quantitative evidence to support the argument that humane orientation, per proxy an essential part of Ubuntu, forms an integral part of being African. The study also provides empirical evidence of the presence of humane orientation outside Africa. Lastly, the research emphasises Africa's cultural diversity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Renier Steyn, Pumela Msweli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Cultural hybridity and marginality in selected contemporary Yorùbá films
Yorùbá films have developed over time owing to westernisation and technological advancements. Due to this development, contemporary Yorùbá films are easily accessible through the internet and social media. However, the cultural contents of these films remain questionable due to influences from the Western world. Studies have identified the portrayal of Yorùbá culture, history, and folklore in Yorùbá films with less emphasis on the way contemporary Yorùbá films have hybridised various cultures and possibly marginalised the Yorùbá culture as a result of westernisation and civilisation. Therefore, this study was aimed at analysing cases of cultural hybridity and marginality in selected contemporary Yoruba films. The qualitative research approach, using document analysis, was adopted in the study. Four purposively selected films (Jagunjagun, Anikulapo, Agesinkole, and Elesin-Oba) were analysed thematically and interpreted using the theories of Cultural Hybridity and Cultural Marginality. Findings revealed that the selected films portray the hybridisation of Yorùbá culture with other cultures, while marginalising the Yorùbá culture in many cases. The paper argued that the filmmakers’ quest for global acceptance and profit-making is responsible for this hybridisation and marginalisation. Therefore, it was concluded that the economy remains at the centre of film-making in Nigeria, irrespective of the cultural interest of both the film-makers and the audience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Esther Ebunoluwa, Osundiran, Ifeoluwa Akinsola https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Orthopaedic surgeons versus traditional bone setters: A comparative analysis of healing systems and patronage of two Ghanaian therapists
Fracture management and treatment in Ghana is a sole prerogative of two healers. In the hospital, orthopaedic surgeons are the specialists in charge of bone setting, while at the community level, traditional bone setters mend broken bones using indigenous knowledge systems. These two specialists constitute the gatekeepers of bone setting in Ghana, who use biomedical and indigenous epistemologies to heal fractures, respectively. Using the qualitative approach, and with evidence from the Volta Region of Ghana, this study engages in a comparative analysis of the healing systems and patronage of orthopaedists and traditional bone setters. The study argues that orthopaedic surgeons use scientific and biomedical knowledge in healing, while traditional bone setters use indigenous customs, traditions, methods, and skills to heal fractures. Second, these specialists use different approaches and methods in mending broken bones. At the center of this study lies the factors that influence the patronage of the services of these two therapists. The study finds expertise, advanced medical technology, infection management, and first aid as factors responsible for the patronage of the services of orthopaedic surgeons. On the other hand, the good review process, social support system, the use of herbs, and local knowledge motivate people to seek the services of traditional bone setters. The study concludes that orthopaedic surgeons and traditional bone setters constitute the panacea for fracture treatment in Ghana and thus, a collaborative work between these two practitioners can bridge the gap for sustainable and quality healthcare delivery in bone setting.
Copyright (c) 2025 Samuel Bewiadzi Akakpo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Complementarity of architecture in historical settings: Case of Bagamoyo Old Town, Tanzania
Bagamoyo, a historic town on the East African coast, has experienced multiple civilizations, including native, Persian, Arab, Indian, and European influences. Recent urban developments have sparked discussions on architectural complementarity within its historical setting. This study examines the concept of architectural complementarity in Bagamoyo's Old Town by analyzing historical architectural artifacts and their relationship with new developments. It aims to explore how various architectural styles—ranging from indigenous to contemporary—have shaped the town and how new buildings interact with the historical fabric. The study employs descriptive and graphical methods of analysis to assess architectural complementarity, drawing insights from existing architectural elements and urban development trends. The concept of architectural complementarity is ambiguous, with two prevailing schools of thought: Those advocating for the preservation of the historical urban fabric. Those supporting the integration of modern architectural elements into the historical setting. Complementarity is influenced by multiple factors, including culture, materials, design approaches, styles, building techniques, economic considerations, environmental factors, and societal needs. Understanding these elements is essential to harmonizing new developments with historical contexts. Architectural complementarity in historic settings is a complex and context-dependent concept, requiring a balance between tradition and modernity. A critical engagement with both historical and contemporary architectural discourses is necessary to ensure that urban development in places like Bagamoyo respects its historical heritage. To achieve sustainable and contextually appropriate architectural complementarity, a collaborative approach involving policymakers, architects, historians, and the local community is essential. This study underscores the importance of policy frameworks that guide development while preserving the architectural heritage for future generations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ombeni Swai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Between reality and perceived reality: A study of mediated culture in Ukwata festival
An important cultural occasion that highlights the rich tradition of Abbi people in Ndokwa-West Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria is the Ukwata Festival. However, how the festival is portrayed in the media has sparked debate about how reality and perception relate to one another. This study aims to investigate how people move between perceived and actual reality by looking at how traditional festival rituals are mediated and portrayed in modern culture. It investigates the relationship between perceived and actual reality within the framework of mediated culture. The study employs a qualitative research approach, using a combination of historical-analytic, key-person interview (KPI), observation and documentary analysis methods, to gather data to examine how festival attendees' perceptions of reality and reality itself are shaped by mediated culture. The study reveals that Ukwata has significant cultural and symbolic relevance since it captures the customs and values of the populace and helps in fostering the growth of their sense of self through the festival's cultural activities. The research highlights some of the ways in which participants move between the real world and the imaginary world by examining the festival's performances, customs, and symbols. The results indicate that cultural identity, customs, perception and transmission of cultural values can all be influenced by media depiction. The study concludes that the experience and interpretation of traditional performances, such as the Ukwata of the Abbi people of Delta state, Nigeria, are significantly shaped by mediated culture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Augustina Ashionye-Obah Obamwonyi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
“Ideas are Immortal, Suppress them and they will Ultimately Fester with even more Macabre Consequences”: Analyzing the Ambazonian Revolt in Cameroon Since 2016
The Ambazonian revolt in Cameroon which began in 2016 is a case study in understanding the relationship between ideologies and social revolts. Ideologies such as nationalism, identity politics, and historical grievances drive the revolt, with nationalism fostering a collective identity among the Anglophone population who feel marginalized by the Francophone government. Identity politics exacerbates these sentiments by highlighting cultural differences and perceived injustices. Historical grievances rooted in colonial legacies also contribute to the ideological landscape. The revolt itself, characterized by protests, armed conflicts and calls for secession, is the dependent variable. This study therefore focuses on the relationship between ideological persistence and its effect on revolts with Ambazonia as a case study. The monograph analyses the Cameroon Anglophone problem and its resulting conflicts over the past eight years using authoritative secondary data. It examines historical documents, academic articles and institutional reports to highlight the persistence of the Ambazonian ideologies. The study emphasizes the influence of enduring ideologies on socio-political dynamics and the resilience of these ideas. Findings from the analysis reveal that the Ambazonian revolt in Cameroon is a result of a complex interplay between ideologies and social revolts. It is driven by nationalism, identity politics and historical grievances leading to protests, armed conflicts and calls for secession. The revolt is not a spontaneous reaction but a culmination of longstanding issues. Policymakers must recognize these factors and address them constructively to prevent further escalation and effectively analyse and contain these stubborn ideas for lasting solutions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Njekang Martin Ndah, Edet Louis Ajom, Nkeh Julius https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The evolution of clothing, influenced by environment and resources, has significantly shaped cultural identities. Dress and costume serve as powerful visual communicators of individual and cultural heritage. This study explores the rich dress culture and costume of the Igbo people in South-Eastern Nigeria. It aims to articulate the nuances of Igbo attire, identifying core traditional garments for men and women, and to unravel the influences shaping their sartorial expressions. The research highlights the unique blend of age-old customs and contemporary trends defining modern Igbo fashion.. Employing textual analysis of scholarly works, cultural resources, and visual depictions, the study examines historical and present-day Igbo dress, focusing on recurring motifs, symbolic meanings, and the impact of external forces. Findings reveal distinct traditional attire: women wear puffed-sleeve blouses with two wrappers (George, Ankara, Abada, or Akwete) and headscarves, while men wear "Isiagu" tunics and "Okpu Agbara" headwear with trousers or wrappers. Despite Western influences, Igbo dress culture showcases a dynamic fusion of tradition and modernity, reflecting cultural heritage with global appeal. Igbo dress and costume are therefore vital expressions of identity, embodying a rich history and a vibrant interplay of tradition and modernity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Adaeze Silas-Ufelle, Pius Ntagu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploring Ahidjo's impact on the federated state of East Cameroon from 1961 to 1971: An analysis of historical events
This paper examined the influence of Ahmadou Ahidjo's governance on the federated state of East Cameroon from 1961 to 1971. As the inaugural President of Cameroon, Ahidjo significantly impacted the political, social, and economic development of East Cameroon during this critical period. The research endeavored to provide a comprehensive understanding of his influence by analyzing key historical events, including the consolidation of power, centralization of authority, and the implementation of various policies. The study investigated the strategies employed by him to establish his authority in East Cameroon and the enduring repercussions of his governance on the region's socio-political landscape. This was accomplished through meticulous archival research and document analysis, which facilitated a thorough evaluation of both primary and secondary sources. Ultimately, the research aimed to offer fresh insights into Ahidjo's leadership in East Cameroon and to elucidate the lasting effects of his rule on the federated state’s development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Martial Fanga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Cultural symbols in textile production and nation building in Nigeria
The study examined cultural symbols in textile production and nation building in Nigeria with the thesis that the preservation of a nation’s culture is synonymous with nation building. People's culture is a function of the environment in which they are situated physically and naturally. Nigeria is yet to annex her cultural imperatives for nation building, especially through the vehicle of textile production and the associated designs which are the objective and fulcrum around which this study revolves. Practice led studio approach was used in the production of both the mpi-enyi and mbor batiks. In the findings, the significance of mpi-enyi and mbor cultural symbols in the exploration of batik textile design was highlighted and their usage explained. Also, the role of cultural symbols in textile production and nation building through cultural preservation, annexation of development, moral education, preservation of instruments for orderly social mobility, and economic development was explained. The study, therefore, concluded that the preservation of a nation's culture is a sine qua non for nation building. It was therefore recommended that Nigeria should place much premium on her cultural imperatives through the cultural preservation of her artefacts for the requisite nation building.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chinwe Anyanwu, John Agberia, Kehinde Adepegba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Nigerian culture and globalisation: Influence of TikTok video contents on the promotion of Nigerian cultural values among Nigerian students
There have been arguments on the cultural shift to dominant Western cultural values which is eroding Nigeria's core values such as language, greetings and dressing. The invention of social media is one of the products of globalisation, therefore, this study investigated the use of Tiktok, a leading modern social media, for promotion of Nigerian cultural values in the era of globalisation and cultural imperialism among Nigerian students. Hinged on Uses and Gratifications and Cultural Imperialism theories, this study adopted the survey method, using questionnaire as instrument of data collection and focusing on undergraduate students of Adekunle Ajasin University (AAUA), Ondo, Nigeria. Using the Taro Yamaro sample size formula, 376 students were selected as the sample size while the multi stage sampling technique was adopted, using stratified, simple random, and purposive sampling techniques at different levels to select AAUA students who use TikTok. Findings revealed that exposure to video content on TikTok by AAUA students has led to cultural imperialism with many young adults imitating Western dressing pattern, eating foreign food, and adopting religious practices. However, TikTok has provided a platform to effectively promote some Nigerian language and music which in turn promote Nigerian language and music culture, thereby preserving and promoting some Nigerian cultural heritage. Based on findings, it is therefore recommended that Nigerians should leverage the social media uncensored nature to consciously showcase and preserve core cultural values by creating content that highlights, preserve and promote Nigerian core cultural values globally, mitigating cultural imperialism’s impact.
Globalisation, TikTok, Nigerian Cultural Values, AAUA Students, Western culture
Copyright (c) 2025 Tolulope Ayobami Ajayi-Ayodele https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Inclusive museum- A space for knowledge, research and heritage
The museum is multidimensional in character and holistic in concept. In this sense, it is an inclusive museum that envisages ascertaining public knowledge, research, and preservation of heritage. These three components which are concerned with the material culture of the archaeological sites are given prominence. Gogo, a Bantu speaking ethnic group that is a pastoralist and patrilineal society in the Dodoma region of Tanzania is taken as an example. Gogo being one of the populous indigenous communities there is every need to protect their traditional culture and settlement. An ethnographic account of the material culture of the Gogo will be of use in future ethnoarchaeological research interpretation to reconstruct possible historical cultural continuities. Although few scholarly studies have exposed Gogo material culture and non-material culture, initiation towards their protection and preservation has not been done. We, the university teachers of History and archaeology made an attempt to fill this gap. Hence identification of archaeological sites that surround Gogo villages, and sample material collections from the sites and village households was our primary objective. The other objective was to establish a museum that accommodates archaeological and Gogo ethnographic objects to facilitate research and tourism attraction. Archaeological and ethnographic field survey methods were adopted and as a result, archaeological sites such as Makulu, Ntyuka and Ng’og’ona near the Gogo villages were identified for field surveys and collection of exhibits. Sample potsherds and lithics from the surrounding archaeological sites, and also Gogo furniture such as pottery, calabashes, grindstones, and iron objects were collected. These cultural materials were housed tentatively at the Dodoma University.
Copyright (c) 2024 Krishna Rao Sadasivuni, Emanuel Lucas Temu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Examining freedom of expression in Bunge la Mwananchi forums in Kenya using the Public Sphere Theory
Abstract: For almost twenty years, Bunge la Mwanainchi (BLM) has served as a platform for sharing information and has been used by politicians, activists, and regular people to further their objectives. Despite its presence, researchers have paid little to no attention to BLM preferring to concentrate on messages and information spread through other traditional media like radio, television, and newspapers. For almost twenty years, Bunge la Mwanainchi (BLM) has served as a platform for sharing information and has been used by politicians, activists, and regular people to further their objectives. Despite its presence, researchers have paid little to no attention to BLM preferring to concentrate on messages and information spread through other traditional media like radio, television, and newspapers. This research sought to investigate messages exchanged during the Bunge la Mwanainchi discussions in Kenya using the Public Sphere Theory (PST). Public Sphere Theory was proposed by German philosopher Jurgen Habermas in 1962. The tenets of the theory include disregard for class, popular concern, and inclusivity. A descriptive research design was employed where ten in-depth interviews and fifteen focus group discussions were utilized to gather data. The participants for the FGDs and interviews were chosen using convenience and purposive sampling techniques, respectively. The generated qualitative data was analyzed thematically and presented in narration and verbatim. The study revealed that BLM doesn’t create original content for its members. Instead, the messaging is mostly influenced by what is trending in the mainstream media. The study concluded that although BLM messages and material are mostly influenced by what is popular in mainstream media stories, there are times when BLM produces original content that is covered by the media. However, these are rare occurrences. The results of the study will add to the corpus of knowledge in the fields of political communication, civic participation, and media studies. The results may be utilized as a means of encouraging community mobilization in favor of Kenya's Vision 2030 Plan.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ohaga Ohaga, Omukule Emojong’ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploring territory and co-presence in contemporary choreography in the works of some Cameroonian dance artists
The relationship between territory and dance has recently emerged as a topic of interest, driven by the advent of novel possibilities and challenges associated with territorial habitation. This has prompted choreographers to address the issue of co-presence in their work. While some choreographers continue to create works for the theatre, it is now common practice for others to work outside the traditional theatre. In their creative works, whether on a theatre stage or in other settings, Bouba Landrille Tchouda, André Takou Saa and Merlin Nyakam employ a range of gestural and movement techniques to explore the concept of territory. The purpose of this study is to examine the ways in which these artists inhabit a territory and the relationships they establish between dancers and the territory(ies). This qualitative interpretive investigation is informed by a narrative and scoping review of dance and spatial/territorial theories, as well as the perspectives of choreographers on their engagement with dance and territory. The findings demonstrate how choreographers portray the embodiment of dancers and territories through physical, sensory, and historical memories, thereby creating spaces for aesthetic, and political discussions, from the realm of life to imagined and administered territories. The choreographers utilise the dancers to create deformations in the choreographic form and to take up the territories, whether in public spaces or in theatres, with a view to sharing their physical memories and experiences. This work presents a novel configuration of bodies, places, and crises, while simultaneously advancing both aesthetic and political considerations. It provides a new perspective on dance studies in Cameroon and has the potential to inspire innovative practices and experiences, challenging established values and perceptions of dance as an art form.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mirelle Flore Chamba Nana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Still media as means of cultural documentation: The Ekpoma’s Ihuen visual paradigm
This article explores the cultural documentation of Ekpoma's Ihuen through the lens of still media, specifically photographs. Grounded in media anthropology and the concept of indexicality, the study adopts historical analysis, photographic-content analysis, observational methods, and interviews. Its focus is on understanding the relationship between images, cultural objects, events, and community histories as embodied in Ihuen, an annual religio-cultural ceremony/festival among the Esan-speaking people of Ekpoma in Edo-central senatorial district of Edo State, Nigeria. Through the artistic agency of still media, the study categorizes discernible trends in Ihuen over time and space. These include the conferment of chieftaincy titles, the presence of the king-in-state, ancestral worship, paying homage to the Onojie, sacred objects, and the presence of innovations and syncretic tendencies. The study argues that the materiality and annual observance of Ihuen have become strong cultural indices for the individuals and community engaging with the ceremony. Beyond their potential as acclaimed pieces of art, the photographs documenting Ihuen possess the power to effect change and contribute to a more sustainable cultural future for the Ekpoma people. The festival serves as a hub for cultural solidarity, fostering consciousness, and a renewed sense of community and cultural identity. In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of still media, particularly photographs, in documenting and understanding the cultural dynamics of Ihuen. The engagement with Ihuen serves as a source of cultural solidarity, fostering a sense of community and cultural revitalization.
Copyright (c) 2024 Osakue Stevenson Omoera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Monni Adam’s ‘African visual art from an art historical perspective’: A book review
The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive and critical review of the book ‘African Visual Art from an Art Historical Perspective’ authored by Monni Adams published in 1989. The book is focused on the study of artworks from Sub-Saharan indigenous societies based on the perspectives of Art Historians in the United States. The book has been an indispensable teaching and research resource for practitioners, teachers, researchers, and students of art history as well as all those who are interested in acquiring in-depth knowledge in the history of the visual arts of the African continent, especially sub-Sahara Africa. However, 35 years since it was written, there has not been any academic rigorous review of the book although it is still used as a theoretical bedrock in the African art history discipline. Hence, this critical and comprehensive review of the book scholarly discusses the context of the book within its scope of African visual art history while intelligently appraising and critiquing its contents and/or arguments while shedding light on its strengths and weaknesses.
Copyright (c) 2024 Samuel Prophask Asamoah, Babaaradio Kombui, Dickson Adom https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
In pursuit of continuity: Maji Maji war and nationalistic movement in 1940s-1950s in Southern Tanganyika
Dar es Salaam School’s Historians in the 1960s and 1970s established that the Majimaji war fought 1905-1907 had an undeviating connection with nationalistic movements which culminated in Tanganyika’s (Today's Tanzania mainland) independence on December 9th, 1961. This implies that Majimaji and the later nationalistic movements are inseparable since the war started the independence struggles initiatives. Nationalist view was challenged but only until early 1990 when new interpretations emerged and the former was regarded as outlived since its main purposes of building the nation and instilling nationalism to the people were outmoded. It is more than five decades, since Nationalist School presented their interpretation. This paper seeks to check if the contemporary generation perceives the Majimaji in similar consonant with the Dar es Salaam School of African History when nation building through the recovery of African traditional values and instilling patriotism were paramount. Since neither society nor history is static, a study aiming at writing the history of the people by the people through verification. The study is qualitative employing both, primary and secondary sources of data. Oral accounts serves as primary source and documentary reviews from books and journal articles constitutes secondary source. The findings shows that the contemporary peoples’ understanding of the Majimaji war in juxtaposition with nationalistic movements in 1940s and 1950s. Furthermore, it has been reveled that the people in Songea, Southern Tanganyika still have the nationalist view on Majimaji war apparently due to different factors but not limited to it’s nature, history memory, role of the elites and pedagogical practices. Its put forward that Majimaji war has a special place in the history of Tanganyika due to its connectedness, continuity and Change in socio-economic and political aspects. It has also been discovered that Majimaji war had a link with nationalistic movements and its continuity and change prevail to post-independence period.
Colonialism, Continuity, Historiography, Majimaji War, Nationalistic Movement, Songea,Tanganyika
Copyright (c) 2023 Samson Peter Malekela https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploring the wisdom of Confucius: A comprehensive study of his career, philosophy, religious perspectives, and meditation practices
The purpose of this study is to investigate the many facets of Confucius's wisdom, including his career, philosophy, religious perspectives, and meditation techniques. To provide a full grasp of Confucian thought within the historical and philosophical circumstances in which it was developed is the goal of this project. The life of Confucius is dissected through the use of primary materials such as the Analects, which are analyzed using an approach known as historical analysis. The fundamental principles are clarified through philosophical examination, and the spiritual components are investigated through the lens of religious studies. The research technique of meditation studies exposes practices that involve contemplation. The findings illustrate the intricate web of connections that comprise Confucius's wisdom, illuminating his functions as a philosopher, a moral leader, and a spiritual thinker during his lifetime. His birth year was 550 BC, and he married Kian at the age of 19. He worked as a shepherd and clerk; after that time, he served as a magistrate and was promoted to the rank of minister. His political beliefs were based on self-restraint, and he belonged to the "SHI" class. A number of insights into ethical government, individual growth, and spiritual contemplation are provided by the study, which highlights the enduring relevance of Confucian ideals in tackling modern difficulties. This research not only makes a contribution to academic inquiry, but it also encourages a wider audience to interact with the profound wisdom of Confucius, which resonates across the borders of both time and culture.
Copyright (c) 2024 Murshida Khatun, Md Amirul Islam, Juely Biswas, Md. Ashraful Amin, Maureen Ngozi Ndu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Social constructs of the coastal fante festival performance costumes and sculptural objects in Ghana: An indigenous knowledge system and practice
The focus of this qualitative case study was to explore the intricate relationship between Coastal Fante Festival performance costumes, sculptural objects, and the indigenous knowledge system and practices of the coastal dwellers, who reside in the central coastal regions of Ghana. To explore the social constructs of Coastal Fante Festival performance costumes and sculptural objects comprehensively, this study employed a multidisciplinary approach, combining ethnography, archival research, and artisan collaboration in the geographical context of Winneba and Cape Coast. The unstructured interview and direct observation were the instrumentations used for the data collection. The interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) and visual data analysis tools garnered from sixteen (16) research participants using purposive (expert) and simple random sampling techniques allowed for a holistic understanding of the cultural, historical, and societal dimensions of these costumes and sculptural objects within the Central region coastal community, shedding light on their role as living embodiments of indigenous knowledge and cultural practice. The study revealed that these costumes hold profound cultural significance, symbolizing historical events, social identities, behaviour, codes and spiritual connections within the community. As a result of these social constructs, enculturation and inculturation were achieved, materialising cultural identity, defining mood (attitude), enhancing performer welfare, and addressing issues of history were addressed through performance costumes and sculptural objects. The generation should see these costumes with sculptural objects as a living embodiment of indigenous knowledge and cultural practice, enriching the understanding of Fante culture and its significance in a global context.
Indigenous knowledge system and practice
Copyright (c) 2023 Kweku Safo-Ankama, Evans Kwadwo Donkor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Indie film entitled Pugon: Reflecting the experiences of the modern Indio in the current formulation of Philippine society
This study introduces the indie film titled "Pugon: Reflecting the Experiences of the Modern Indio in the Current Formulation of Philippine Society." It investigates the nuanced experiences of contemporary Indios within the evolving landscape of Philippine society, offering a profound exploration of their challenges, endeavors, and triumphs in the quest for identity amid societal transformations. The researchers aim to provide a deep and meaningful examination of the struggles, aspirations, and accomplishments of the Indios as they navigate their personal battles, dreams, and the realities they face as individuals in society. Employing qualitative research methods, the film emphasizes the intricate experiences of the Indios, showcasing personal narratives, dreams, and the societal formulations that pose challenges and limitations to their progress and the pursuit of their aspirations. The findings encapsulate the multifaceted stories and characters representing the modern Indio, fostering a profound understanding of the social, cultural, and personal issues they grapple with in contemporary times. The film serves as a testament to the capability of indie cinema as a powerful instrument for broadening understanding and discourse on the social, cultural, and personal experiences of the Indios. In conclusion, "Pugon" stands as a unique indie film, serving as both a mirror and a spokesperson for the experiences, efforts, and hopes of the modern Indio in present-day Philippine society. It values its identity, aiming to open doors for deeper comprehension and appreciation of films that celebrate the culture, society, and individuals of the Philippines. The study suggests avenues for further exploration in the realm of cultural identity, discrimination, and the challenges faced by the Indios in Philippine society.
Copyright (c) 2024 Arman Jay Velasquez, Julie Ann Orobia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Body adornment among the Krobo in Ghana: Hair, a crowning glory
Since ancient times, body adornment has been a tradition in many cultures around the world and people still deck themselves out for a number of reasons. In Ghana, the phenomenon is pervasive among community members in almost all sixteen regions, including the Krobo of the Eastern Region, thereby projecting body adornment as part of the country’s national culture. Despite the case that any part of the human body can be adorned, the adornment of the hair on the human head has not been in focus among the Krobo of Ghana. Employing a qualitative approach and engaging multiple instruments (a semi-structured interview guide, non-participant observation, and document study), the study explored the adornment of the hair among the Krobo. Anchored on symbolic interaction theory, the findings of the study revealed that adornment of hair among the Krobo permeates three main thrusts: varying dimensions of hair plaiting or braiding, the wearing of scarves, and finally, the wearing of hats. In addition, the study revealed that the need for cultural symbolism is the main driver for adorning hair among the Krobo. Ultimately, the study broadens the existing literature base of the indigenous Ghanaian hair culture with reference to the Krobo people, at a time when such rich traditional ideals are rapidly declining. This tends to promote and preserve indigenous Krobo hair identity for posterity.
Copyright (c) 2023 Fabiola Mamle Opare-Darko, Albert Dennis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Colorism in advertisements in Kenyan print newspapers: A study of the nation newspaper
Colorism is discriminatory, as it excludes dark skin tones and elevates light skin tones. Studies have established the negative effects of colorism on different groups of people. Owing to the power of advertisements to influence and shape opinions, beliefs and perceptions, this study’s purpose was to determine colorism in advertisements in Kenyan print newspapers. The research methodology encompassed the use of a case study design. The Nation print newspaper was studied because it is the most widely read newspaper in Kenya. Data was collected through the content analysis of all advertisements from January to April 2023. The study found out that light skin was the most preferred skin tone for males and females in the advertisements. However, more females than males in the advertisements were light-skinned, whereas more males than females were dark-skinned. This study concludes that colorism exists in advertisements in Kenyan print newspapers. The study recommends equal representations of color tones to mirror the composition of the Kenyan population.
Copyright (c) 2023 Millicent Awuor Otieno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Sartorial commemoration of Princess Yennenga through Wiyaala’s War Costume Mimicry
History is an invaluable reflective resource for progressive national development. In Africa, various studies have delved into the memory lane to identify and commemorate past heroic or iconic figures for their diverse contributions to shaping the destinies of societies and nations. However, such commemorative studies are inexhaustive, as many unsung heroic or iconic figures still abound. One such unsung heroic figure is Princess Yennenga. The current study sets out to sartorially commemorate Princess Yennenga’s iconography by delving into Wiyaala mimicry of Princess Yennenga’s war costume regalia for a teaser movie shot by Mothertongue in Ghana. It adopted the methodological blueprint of qualitative historical design, with Wiyaala as the principal and homogeneous respondent purposively sampled and interviewed. An in-depth historical and thematic analysis of primary and secondary data found Princess Yennenga to be a warrioress of northern Ghanaian origin and the emblematic founding mother of the Mossi Kingdom in Burkina Faso. It was also established that the materiality, accessories, and props that constituted Wiyaala’s dramatic mimicry of Yennenga’s war costume were locally self-constructed. The study concludes that the wild, dramatic character projected by Wiyaala through her self-constructed war costume symbolically reimaged Princess Yennenga’s warrioress identity and thereby contributes to commemorating Yennenga’s heroic legacies in the historical development of the Dagomba and Mossi Kingdoms of Ghana and Burkina Faso, respectively. It will, therefore, be plausible if similar sartorial commemorative studies are conducted on other unsung heroic/iconic figures to highlight the instrumentality of costume art in heroic and iconic identity construction.
Mimicry, Princess Yennega , sartorial commemoration, war costume, Wiyaala
Copyright (c) 2024 Nyamawero Navei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploring leather offcuts for two-dimensional artwork
The leather footwear industry can contribute positively to economies at micro and macro levels. Nevertheless, its activities constitute a growing problem to society due to its toxic solid waste generation potential. Therefore, there is a need to explore ways of creating a positive net effect for stakeholders in the industry. This study investigates how leather offcuts can be made valuable by using mosaic and marquetry techniques. The study employed a practice-led approach underpinned by an art experimentation design. Reflective journaling served as the means for collecting data while data was analysed using thematic analysis techniques. Results show that leather offcuts offer the colour variations needed for marquetry art and can be shaped into the right sizes for mosaic art. However, whereas quality is irrelevant in determining the usefulness of leather offcuts for mosaic art, quality can influence the extent to which leather offcuts can be used for marquetry. Thus, the study concludes that leather offcuts are suitable for two-dimensional art with some limitation based on offcut characteristics and desired technique. Further exploration with leather offcuts for different 2D techniques and artwork types is recommended in future studies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Albert Kwame Arthur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A critical-pragmatic study of the representation of female gender in Nigerian Hip-hop music
Hip-hop music has become a popular trend in Nigeria, as it enjoys a high level of acceptance among the Nigerian youths. Thus, this study examines the representation of female gender in hip hop music and the messages the music conveyed about female gender; it also unravels the hidden pragmatic meanings behind the content of the music. Nine (9) data from the lyrics of selected hip hop music were randomly selected and analysed using Mey's (2001) pragmatic act theory. This paper adopted a qualitative approach which is due of the nature of the data that was analysed and the approach that was used in analysing it. Findings revealed a dominant portrayal of slangy expressions suggesting sexual overtimes, female as mere edibles, women as sexual stimulant, seductive dance steps, and indecent dressing in the lyrical contents sampled. The paper also revealed that the implicit practs of exposing, seducing, luring and proposing were used in the data to show the role females play as characters in hip-hop music videos. The paper concludes that the use of vulgar expressions in the description of these female characters portrayed them mainly as sex commodities and sex workers, this questions the dignity of the African woman and the virtues she is expected to project to her fellow female folk, home and abroad.
Copyright (c) 2023 Ibrahim Omolabi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Women and the maintenance of peace in Nigeria's rural communities: A study of Oshi Ekwa Leka of the Eziobodo people
Women all over the world and in Nigeria play vital role in the maintenance and nurturing of peace in homes and in the society. Despite this, in times of conflict, women are not represented in peace negotiations and in planning and execution of post- conflict reconstruction efforts and strategies. Women's participation and strong influence in peace building and maintenance bring about an immediate agreement. The influence of their intervention processes positively correlates with a great likelihood of the agreements implemented. Peace agreement, including women in reconstruction, rehabilitation, and negotiations for peace improves the quality of agreements made and increases the likelihood that they will be carried through. This paper examines the role and place of women in the maintenance of peace in rural communities in Nigeria. The paper adopts womanism as its theoretical framework as it looks into the activities of the Oshi ekwa leka, a women's group of the Eziobodo Alachara Mgbowo of Awgu Local government Area of Enugu state, Nigeria. The study employed the survey method, where key informant interviews or in-depth interview (IDI) was used to collect qualitative data from the women leader and chairman of the community. The paper identifies the activities of the women in the maintenance of peace in their community and advocates women's inclusion in peace negotiations at round tables.
Copyright (c) 2022 Maureen Ndu, Oluchukwu Nwafor, Chijioke Adama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Impacts of Xenophobia and Nativism on Pan-Africanism in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean
Xenophobia and Nativism are among the main obstacles that are beleaguering Africa’s unity and progress. The early African leaders, particularly, during decolonisation process, nursed and developed an ambitious strategy of coordination and cooperation by designing a platform of uniting all black race across the world. Unfortunately, misrule, misgovernance and myriads of political and socioeconomic issues strangled the Pan-African Movement. This is perceived in terms of the upheavals in Xenophobia and Nativism across the three Continents. This study examined the impacts of Xenophobia and Nativism on the Pan-African movement in Africa, the Caribbean and Latin America. The study is a descriptive theoretical and also an empirical analysis of the causes, manifestations and effects of Xenophobia on a universal declaration of the black world unity taking the three continents which have an umbilical cord of fraternal ancestry. A qualitative phenomenological paradigm was used in data collection and analysis. Documented sources including books, journal articles, reports, media and internet sources were consulted while thematic content analysis was deployed for analysis. The study explored some groundbreaking issues and emerging ones on the role played by Xenophobia and Nativism in hindering the successful movement and expansion of Pan-Africanism across Africa, the Caribbean and Latin America. A comparative nature and dimension of the issues were discovered across the three case studies. Practical policy implications were presented on how to surmount the challenge and propel ahead for a most workable Pan-Africanism and by extension, for universal prosperity of the black nations in the 21st century and beyond.
Copyright (c) 2022 Usman Sambo, Ahmed Wali Doho, Babayo Sule https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
African traditional system of government and its efficacy in governance: A comparative analysis of Idomaland Ojira and Igboland Aladinma/Oha
Emerging trends in governance particularly in post-Colonial Africa have continued to show a display of a high level of inefficiency in the adopted and practiced Western system of government. While much has been suggested as lead factors for these inefficiencies, little or nothing has been done concerning the strangeness of these adopted European systems of Government in Africa. This paper examines the two traditional systems of governance: Ojira and Aladinma/Oha to explore their differences, practices, and efficiency in the administration of pre-colonial Idomaland/Igboland of present-day Nigeria. Adopting the use of historical qualitative methodology, this paper holds that: although these pre-colonial African systems of governance had their challenges, their efficacy in administering the populace before European incursion cannot be overemphasized. To this end, the paper suggests that rather than continue in these European-styled systems of governance that have led Africans nowhere, attempts should be made to incorporate the indigenous African system of governance into modern government to increase and accelerate good governance and development.
Copyright (c) 2022 Abutu Freeman Gabriel Adikwuoyi, Samuel Alegwu Omanchi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Stylistic analysis of Tivisms in select Nigerian novels
The culture of a given people is reflected in their literature and language is a medium through which such a culture is expressed. Stylistic analysis of Tange’s The Legitimate Candidate, Shija’s Whispers of Distant Drums, Gar’s The Blood of the Ram, Kwaghchimin’s A Star of Hope, Tijah’s Slow Men at Work and Norya’s The Luminous Flame resonates with unique expressions which express Tivness. The study investigates the significance of semantic devices in the select novels using Style as a Manner of Expression Model. Methodologically, this study used primary and secondary sources of data. The data for analysis are Tivisms in the select novels. Tivisms refer to Tiv words, expressions, exclamations or interjections, phrases and sentences, unique narrative, dramatic and poetic techniques that are used in literary works talk about Tiv people, culture and language. The study shows that Tivisms serve the following purposes: identity construction, multimodality, beautification, speech flavour and local colour. The paper contributes the literature on language use in Nigerian or African literature.
Copyright (c) 2022 Terfa Aor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0